Brucella Canis Frequently Asked Questions

What is Brucella canis?
Brucella canis causes brucellosis in dogs and can infect humans. In the UK, it is mainly found in dogs imported from Eastern Europe. Ireland is likely to have seen imported cases in dogs too.

Can Brucella canis affect people?
Yes, but B. canis infection in humans is extremely rare and tends to be very mild. The infection tends to be more severe in immunosuppressed people and young children. In humans, the clinical picture of B. canis in humans is similar to those of B. melitensis, B. abortus except that symptoms tend to milder and less severe.

Who is at risk of Brucella canis?
Overall, the risk to people of B. canis in the general population is very low. People at most risk are those who have had direct contact with imported dogs especially during mating and following contact with birth products and newly whelped puppies. This includes dog breeders and vets handling reproductive tissues. Infected dogs may have no symptoms but are still at risk of passing on infection.

How can you reduce your risk of B. canis?
To reduce the risk of becoming infected with B. canis follow the advice below:

For anyone handling dogs

• Always use good hand hygiene.
• Wash hands for 20 seconds with soap and hot water following any contact with dogs, their faeces, feed bowls, birth products etc.
• Avoid contact with reproductive/birthing products, blood, and urine.

For owners of imported dogs

• Imported dogs should ideally be tested before arriving in Ireland.
• Neutering reduces transmission risk.
• Use gloves and protective gear when handling birthing materials.
• Wash hands even if gloves were worn.

For breeders

• The risk is higher because of exposure to birthing materials.
• Use gloves, masks, and eye protection during high‑risk activities.
• Properly disinfect contaminated surfaces with household bleach and steam‑clean soft furnishings when needed.
• Check the origin and infection status of dogs before mating.

Created: 17 February 2026